OPTIMIZATION OF REGIONAL LOGISTICS SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE VOLUME OF FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION BY VARIOUS MODES OF TRANSPORT

Abstract

Optimization of logistics routes taking into account the volumes of goods transported by different modes of transport is a component of effective management of transport flows, which involves a comprehensive assessment and selection of the most rational methods of cargo delivery. This approach takes into account not only the distance and cost of transportation, but also the type of cargo, the volume of deliveries, the specifics of each mode of transport (road, rail, water), their throughput capacity, environmental characteristics and logistics infrastructure. The goal of this process is to minimize total costs, reduce delivery times, increase the reliability of logistics services and ensure sustainable development of the transport system both at the regional level and the national economy as a whole. Taking into account the volume of transportation allows for more accurate loading planning, avoiding overspending and reducing congestion in narrow logistics nodes. In modern conditions, such optimization is especially important for ensuring flexible, adaptive logistics that can respond to changes in demand, geopolitical factors, seasonality of cargo flows and economic fluctuations. The relevance of this study is due to the need for a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of various modes of transport in the face of modern economic challenges, the growing demand for sustainable logistics solutions and strategic planning of infrastructure development. In the context of growing demand for freight transportation, economic recovery after crisis periods, as well as the need to optimize costs and reduce environmental impact, a comparison of road, rail and water transport allows us to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each type. Such studies are important for the formation of a balanced transport policy, increasing the competitiveness of the national logistics system and ensuring sustainable economic development of the country. The results have practical value and can be used by logistics companies, transport operators and enterprises to increase transportation efficiency, reduce costs and improve the quality of logistics services.