DOMESTIC BANK DEPOSIT MARKET: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND KEY TRENDS

Abstract

The relevance of the article's topic is due to the fact that, in the context of military aggression against Ukraine, increased macroeconomic instability, and growing financial risks, domestic commercial banks are forced to search for the most effective and stable sources of financial resources. From the perspective of ensuring the continuity of banking institutions' operations and supporting their liquidity and financial stability, term deposits play a key role in forming a predictable resource base. At the same time, the complex political and economic situation caused by military actions leads to a decline in the confidence of the population and economic entities in the banking system and an increase in the tendency to keep savings in cash. The purpose of this article is to study the current state, structure, and dynamics of the domestic market for bank deposits, to determine the role of term deposits in the formation of liabilities of commercial banks in Ukraine, and to analyze the deposit products of leading banking institutions. The methodological basis of the study consists of general scientific and special methods of cognition, in particular analysis and synthesis, statistical and structural-dynamic analysis, comparative and graphical methods. The article analyzes the volume and structure of the liabilities of commercial banks in Ukraine for the period from 2020 to July 2025 based on official data from the National Bank of Ukraine. The place of term deposits in the formation of the total volume of bank liabilities is determined in terms of the main categories of depositors: individuals, business entities, non-bank financial institutions, and other banks. It has been proven that it is term deposits of individuals that play a leading role in the formation of the resource base of commercial banks, despite the decrease in their share in the pre-war and war periods. The ten largest banks in Ukraine in terms of the volume of term deposits attracted have been identified and the structure of their deposit portfolios has been analyzed in terms of fund owners. The current interest rates on deposit products of the five leading banks were studied, and a comparative assessment of the profitability of term deposits of individuals was carried out, taking into account taxation and capitalization of interest. The results obtained can be used in the process of forming the deposit policy of commercial banks and in further scientific research on the development of the financial market of Ukraine.